Tag Archives: Fuel Cells

Innovative Hydrogen Technology: Revolutionising Water Storage and Energy Savings

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You might be familiar with hydrogen technology, a novel method addressing our increasing thirst for renewable energy alternatives. With each passing year, sustainable power gains more traction, stimulating the brains of researchers and scientists to innovate ways of energy production and storage with less environmental impact.

innovative hydrogen technology

Nestled within these innovations, hydrogen technology stands out, promising not just a leap into clean energy, but also a revolution in water storage and energy saving.

Buckle up for this blog post, where we’ll embark on a journey through how these exciting technologies are molding the contours of our contemporary world, all whilst preserving our dear Mother Nature.

A Deeper Understanding of Hydrogen Technology

Before we take a deep dive into the ongoing advancements, it’s pivotal to grasp what hydrogen technology fundamentally is.

Chances are, you are aware that hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements on our blue orb, accounting for approximately 75% of our atmosphere by mass.

What might surprise you though, is the multifarious ways this element can be tapped – from generating clean electricity using fuel cells right to powering an eco-friendly method of transportation.

This all begins with water electrolysis – a process where electrical current disassembles water molecules into discrete oxygen and hydrogen gasses.

While some conventional methods depend on fossil fuels to manufacture hydrogen, contemporary developments aim to leverage renewable energy resources to promote greener production undertakings.

Being emission-free at the point of use (only exhaling water vapor when used in fuel cells), it isn’t hard to understand why hydrogen technologies are touted to potentially revolutionize energy supply chains globally.

Water Storage: Bigger than you Thought

By now, you might be wondering how hydrogen technology can improve water storage solutions. To understand this, let’s take a closer look at the role of hydrogen in such systems.

In conventional water storage methods, multiple factors limit the available capacity – including evaporation losses and geological constraints. The idea behind using hydrogen in these applications is that once it gets produced from water through electrolysis, it no longer has to remain stored as an independent element.

Instead of dealing with large storage structures for water like tanks and reservoirs, hydrogen can be efficiently compressed into containers or even injected into underground rock formations.

When needed again for power generation or other uses, the hydrogen undergoes another process (such as fuel cell catalytic conversion) and turns back into energy and pure water. This ingenious method thereby eliminates many problems associated with traditional water storage while still preserving the natural resource we all rely on.

Hydrogen-Powered Energy Savings: How Does it Work?

Saving energy has become more critical than ever before due to global climate change concerns and increased awareness about Earth’s finite resources.

Hydrogen technology, including fuel cells that are on sale, inherently exhibits impressive energy-saving capabilities mainly thanks to operating with efficiency rates far beyond those of combustion engines..

Fuel cells work by combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity without burning any fossil fuels – releasing only heat and water vapor as output emission.

This process results in minimal losses compared to internal combustion engines whose exhaust gasses need proper after-treatment before release, making them less efficient overall.

Moreover, since hydrogen is easily producible through renewables-driven electrolysis processes, it unlocks avenues for truly sustainable energy generation with zero greenhouse gas emissions when used alongside green-powered devices like wind turbines or solar panels. You can learn more about these processes on our home page.

Innovative Products That are on Sale Today

As the hydrogen revolution continues to gain pace, a variety of innovative products are already available on sale for consumers and industries alike.

Hydrogen-Powered Energy Savings

From hydrogen-powered vehicles like Toyota Mirai or Hyundai NEXO that promise zero emissions and sustainable transportation solutions, to stationary fuel cells employed in buildings and energy plants – there’s no shortage of opportunities for you to join the green energy movement.

Fuel cell systems are increasingly used in backup power applications while remote regions can rely on compact units such as Intelligent Energy’s 801 fuel cell system, built upon their best-in-class lightweight air-cooled architecture.

This product caters especially well to those searching for dependable off-grid power alternatives that won’t exhaust Earth’s valuable resources or contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.

Case Study: Power-to-Gas Project in Germany

Germany is spearheading the adoption of hydrogen technology in their national energy transition journey, famously known as Energiewende.

Taking a peek at a practical illustration of this thrilling innovation being orchestrated for grand projects, the German region of Lower Saxony inaugurated a power-to-gas plant that employs hydrogen, borne of electrolysis, for underground storage – essentially morphing renewable electricity into raw material for natural gas.

Hand in hand with local utility giant Avacon AG and technical collaborators from the Osterholz-Scharmbeck district, this multi-million-euro endeavor serves as a stellar example of how stockpiled hydrogen can meet supply demands efficiently whilst harmonizing fluctuating renewable sources such as wind turbines during periods of limited grid availability.

Conclusion

Hydrogen technology is redefining energy and water storage with cutting-edge products, presenting a sustainable power source that provides clean electricity and efficient water conservation. From Germany’s pioneering power-to-gas projects to innovative fuel cell systems for off-grid use, this technology shows great potential for global positive impact. As we strive for a greener future, adopting such advancements is crucial in preserving Earth’s resources and environmental stability.

Things You Should Know About the Uses of Hydrogen

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Hydrogen will be one of the critical assets in the energy stream in the coming decades for the sustainable development of society. The abundant availability of hydrogen and its application in electricity production using fuel cells without any harmful emissions makes it distinct. It can be produced from renewable and sustainable resources, thus promising an eco-friendly solution for the energy transition in the coming years.

Currently, hydrogen production using the electrolysis of water is most preferred. However, hydrogen production can vary in the range of sectors. Hydrogen can be used in electricity production, biomass, solar and wind power application.

applications of hydrogen gas

Despite its advantages, two significant issues hinder its commercialisation and generalisation as an efficient fuel, and energy transition toward zero-emission and fossil-free energy solutions. The first is hydrogen is an energy vector, which means hydrogen needs to be produced before its use and eventually lead to energy consumption in hydrogen synthesis. The second is the low volumetric energy density of hydrogen, which leads to hydrogen storage and transportation issues because of its lowest volumetric energy density (0.01079 MJ/L)

Researchers have suggested several solutions to attempt to increase this value:

  • compression in gas cylinders;
  • liquefaction in cryogenic tanks;
  • storage in metal-hydride alloys;
  • adsorption onto large specific surface area-materials
  • chemical storage in covalent and ionic compounds (viz. formic acid, borohydride, ammonia)

Applications of Hydrogen

The hydrogen applications are in the food industry to turn unsaturated fats and oils present in vegetable oils, butter into a saturated state. In the metal forming industry, atomic hydrogen welding is used as an environmentally sustainable welding process. In the manufacturing industry, hydrogen and nitrogen are used to create a boundary and prevent the oxidation of metals.

The recent advancements in hydrogen applications in the steel manufacturing industry are one of the most significant hydrogen applications for low or zero-emission iron ore conversion.

ecofriendly-manufacturing

The potential use of hydrogen can play a vital role in reducing greenhouse emissions and the global target of achieving a minimal no emission target by 2050. However, the automotive industry is still the largest consumer and most attractive sector in the current scenario. But with the future forecast of reducing hydrogen fuel cost can do wonders with the goal set during Paris Climate Summit.

Hydrogen use in stationary and automotive applications, such as fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen refuelling stations above all, has shown to be hindered by its volumetric energy density – the lowest among all the standard fuels nowadays used. Compression seems to be the most efficient solution to reach high storage levels, thus making hydrogen more common as a renewable and sustainable fuel.

uses of hydrogen

The availability of several hydrogen compression technologies makes the development of new innovative and environmentally-friendly solutions for the use of energy possible, leading to a transition towards a fossil fuel divestment and making a critical contribution to sustainable development

Combined Heat and Power Systems in the Biomass Industry

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Combined heat and power systems in the biomass industry means the simultaneous generation of multiple forms of useful energy (usually mechanical and thermal) from biomass resources in a single, integrated system. In a conventional electricity generation systems, about 35% of the energy potential contained in the fuel is converted on average into electricity, whilst the rest is lost as waste heat. CHP systems use both electricity and heat and therefore can achieve an efficiency of up to 90%.

CHP technologies are well suited for sustainable development projects because they are socio-economically attractive and technologically mature and reliable. In developing countries, cogeneration can easily be integrated in many industries, especially agriculture and food processing, taking advantage of the biomass residues of the production process. This has the dual benefits of lowering fuel costs and solving waste disposal issues.

CHP systems consist of a number of individual components—prime mover (heat engine), generator, heat recovery, and electrical interconnection—configured into an integrated whole. Prime movers for CHP units include reciprocating engines, combustion or gas turbines, steam turbines, microturbines, and fuel cells.

A typical CHP system provides:

  • Distributed generation of electrical and/or mechanical power.
  • Waste-heat recovery for heating, cooling, or process applications.
  • Seamless system integration for a variety of technologies, thermal applications, and fuel types.

The success of any biomass-fuelled CHP plant is heavily dependent on the availability of a suitable biomass feedstock freely available in urban and rural areas.

Rural Resources Urban Resources
Forest residues Urban wood waste
Wood wastes Municipal solid wastes
Crop residues Agro-industrial wastes
Energy crops Food processing residues
Animal manure Sewage

Technology Options

Reciprocating or internal combustion engines (ICEs) are among the most widely used prime movers to power small electricity generators. Advantages include large variations in the size range available, fast start-up, good efficiencies under partial load efficiency, reliability, and long life.

Steam turbines are the most commonly employed prime movers for large power outputs. Steam at lower pressure is extracted from the steam turbine and used directly or is converted to other forms of thermal energy. System efficiencies can vary between 15 and 35% depending on the steam parameters.

Co-firing of biomass with coal and other fossil fuels can provide a short-term, low-risk, low-cost option for producing renewable energy while simultaneously reducing the use of fossil fuels. Biomass can typically provide between 3 and 15 percent of the input energy into the power plant. Most forms of biomass are suitable for co-firing.

Steam engines are also proven technology but suited mainly for constant speed operation in industrial environments. Steam engines are available in different sizes ranging from a few kW to more than 1 MWe.

A gas turbine system requires landfill gas, biogas, or a biomass gasifier to produce the gas for the turbine. This biogas must be carefully filtered of particulate matter to avoid damaging the blades of the gas turbine.

Stirling engines utilize any source of heat provided that it is of sufficiently high temperature. A wide variety of heat sources can be used but the Stirling engine is particularly well-suited to biomass fuels. Stirling engines are available in the 0.5 to 150 kWe range and a number of companies are working on its further development.

A micro-turbine recovers part of the exhaust heat for preheating the combustion air and hence increases overall efficiency to around 20-30%. Several competing manufacturers are developing units in the 25-250kWe range. Advantages of micro-turbines include compact and light weight design, a fairly wide size range due to modularity, and low noise levels.

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices in which hydrogen-rich fuel produces heat and power. Hydrogen can be produced from a wide range of renewable and non-renewable sources. A future high temperature fuel cell burning biomass might be able to achieve greater than 50% efficiency.

Impact Of Vacuum Technology On The Growth Of Electric Mobility

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Electric mobility is the newest trend in today’s highly competitive market. Electric vehicles have already been defined as the future of transportation, and are on the increase. They are predicted to inevitably take over the car industry by the next decade.

Through technical innovation, e-Mobility is prepared to address today’s concerns linked with climate change, fossil fuel dependency, and environmental protection. Today, a slew of big auto manufacturers have not only begun building their own electric vehicles — alongside the industry’s pioneer, Tesla — but have also planned to discontinue the production of gas-powered vehicles in the next decades.

Vacuum technology has been – and still is – essential in this process.

vacuum technology for electric car production

 

Vacuum technology and mobility: a lifelong interest

Vacuum technology is not new in the mobility sector: it has been around for more than 60 years to support the creation and production of vehicle batteries.

It began as an industry-wide innovation and has been in use for decades. Despite this, it will continue to be utilized for many years to come, as it is still playing a huge role in the most recent e-mobility innovation.

Agilent, a supplier of vacuum and leak detection equipment and services, is dedicated to providing concrete solutions in the approach to sustainable mobility. It assists manufacturers all over the world in both the core, fundamental procedures of developing renewable battery technology and the secondary processes that are equally significant. Vacuum and leak detection technologies, for example, are important components in new industrial processes for vehicle electrification.

Agilent is significantly involved in the development of electric mobility in general, with a variety of equipment and brilliant solutions. Examine the most recent vacuum technology by yourself at https://www.agilent.com/en/product/vacuum-technologies.

What is the role of vacuum technology in the development of electric vehicles?

Vacuum is already used in various functional stages and processes associated with electric mobility.  From the electrolyte-filling stage of a lithium-ion battery (to ensure that the cell is evenly saturated with the electrolyte) to assisting in the shaping of the electric motor with constantly innovative generator technologies, to make them modular, lighter, more affordable, quieter, and more efficient. Agilent is involved in the development and production of a vast majority of electric vehicle components.

In addition to lithium-ion batteries, the most known and utilized rechargeable batteries, Agilent concentrates as well on the advancements in hydrogen fuel cells, one of the future trends for innovative technologies in electric vehicles.

What are lithium batteries?

Modern lithium-ion batteries are the favoured technology for electric vehicles right now. Unlike other batteries, lithium-ion batteries are among the most often used rechargeable batteries because they have a much higher energy density and a slow discharge rate, allowing them to maintain a charge for significantly longer.

They are innovative battery technologies that utilize lithium ions as a key component in the battery’s operation and electrochemistry.

Lithium-ion batteries, in addition to appearing in electric cars, can also be found in small portable electronics such as laptops and smartphones, and are frequently utilized in military and aerospace applications.

EV production technology

Vacuum Technology is driving electric mobility!

Vacuum is already used in various functional stages and processes associated with electric mobility. Let’s go deep together in the stages where vacuum is the dominant player.

1. Battery production: vacuum technology in more than half of the battery manufacture processes!

Agilent’s vacuum specialists assist lithium-ion battery manufacturers with their procedures and technological challenges in production processes, quality control, and safety measurements. As a result, they have been significantly involved in the development of electric mobility, with their vacuum tech currently accounting for more than half of the processes in battery creation.

Battery performance, longevity, and overall quality are all highly influenced by the quality of the manufacturing process. Agilent solutions and experience optimize resource usage and reduce process time while ensuring product quality goals are fulfilled.

2.  Battery Cooling

As batteries get more efficient and powerful, car companies are being pressed to develop new heat management systems. Cooling systems must keep battery temperatures between 20 and 40 degrees Celsius. Liquid coolers have been shown to be the most efficient approach for keeping the battery pack at the proper temperature range.

The biggest disadvantage of liquid coolers is the potential of a leak or spillage. Undetected leaks significantly reduce the battery’s service life and/or allow highly reactive electrolytes to escape. Water leakage in battery coolers is a severe problem that affects battery durability and battery pack safety. To ensure long battery life, the cell must be completely leak-proof.

To confirm leak-proofness, a leak test is performed using a vacuum leak detection instrument, which can detect even the slightest leak using helium as tracer gas and detecting it by means of an embedded mass spectrometer. Highly sensitive helium leak detection systems play an important role in the production of lithium batteries and bear a significant amount of responsibility in terms of safety.

3.  Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems

There isn’t a heat-producing engine in an electric vehicle. Differently to low efficiency thermal engines, high-performance electric motors generate very little heat. The vehicle cabin temperature must be raised by other means.  So, how do electric vehicles generate heat?

Well, it needs to produce interior heat using — you got it — electricity. Often via one or more resistive heating elements. Early electrical automobiles in fact employed basic resistive heaters, while contemporary vehicles have heat pump systems that transport thermal energy from the outside into the interior.

These technological HVAC systems necessitate extensive vacuum and leak detection solutions in order to create strong and dependable components capable of successfully capturing and directing heat. Look at how the leak-proofness is tested here.

4. Electric motor

Electric vehicle manufacturers research innovative motor/generator technology to make them more modular and efficient, lighter, quieter and even cheaper than typical electric motors. Water is the principal enemy of electric and electronic parts, hence leak detection and humidity tightness are an absolute priority in all of them. Agilent helium leak detectors enable faster and more exact leak location and monitoring for completely sealed electric vehicle motors.

5.  Electric and electronic components

The operating range of an electric vehicle is not just determined by battery capacity. New materials and procedures are being applied to manage higher voltage, temperatures, and insulation difficulties in order to improve the efficiency of a car’s internal electrical distribution.

In propulsion-grade power electronics, inverters, connections, filters, busbars, and safety devices all play important roles.

Insulating or environmental coatings are required for all of these components. Agilent is proud to supply diffusion and turbomolecular pumps for innovative coating equipment. Browse the Agilent website to find the best turbopumps and turbomolecular pumps.

https://www.agilent.com/en/product/vacuum-technologies/turbo-pumps-controllers/turbo-pumps

6.    The latest fuel cell for e-mobility

Fuel cells are another zero-emission alternative to combustion engines and even to lithium batteries. This intriguing technology works with hydrogen gas: hydrogen is employed in fuel cells to generate power through a chemical process instead of combustion, with just water and heat as byproducts. Hydrogen reacts electrochemically in fuel cells to produce electricity and power the car. Brake energy is also absorbed and stored in a battery to offer extra power during short acceleration occurrences.

To prevent leaks that could impair performance and safety, fuel cell generators, gas tanks, and distribution lines must be hermetically sealed and leak-checked by means of specific leak detectors. Vacuum technology and processes also play a key role here.

electric-mobility-vacuum-technology

Future Trends for Green  Technology in Vehicles

According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2040, more than half of all built and sold passenger cars will be electric. As public concern about climate change grows, governments throughout the world are stepping up efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Agilent is committed to supporting this change by providing the finest, more innovative and performing vacuum technology equipment and machinery.