Category Archives: Renewable Energy

Cogeneration of Bagasse

  By | | , ,
7 Comments

Cogeneration of bagasse is one of the most attractive and successful biomass energy projects that have already been demonstrated in many sugarcane producing countries such as Mauritius, Reunion Island, India and Brazil. Combined heat and power from sugarcane in the form of power generation offers renewable energy options that promote sustainable development, take advantage of domestic resources, increase profitability and competitiveness in the industry, and cost-effectively address climate mitigation and other environmental goals.

bagasse_cogeneration

According to World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE) report on Bagasse Cogeneration, bagasse-based cogeneration could deliver up to 25% of current power demand requirements in the world’s main cane producing countries. The overall potential share in the world’s major developing country producers exceeds 7%.

There is abundant opportunity for the wider use of bagasse-based cogeneration in sugarcane-producing countries. It is especially great in the world’s main cane producing countries like Brazil, India, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Philippines and Vietnam. Yet this potential remains by and large unexploited.

Using bagasse to generate power represents an opportunity to generate significant revenue through the sale of electricity and carbon credits. Additionally, cogeneration of heat and power allows sugar producers to meet their internal energy requirements and drastically reduce their operational costs, in many cases by as much as 25%. Burning bagasse also removes a waste product through its use as a feedstock for the electrical generators and steam turbines.

Most sugarcane mills around the globe have achieved energy self-sufficiency for the manufacture of raw sugar and can also generate a small amount of exportable electricity. However, using traditional equipment such as low-pressure boilers and counter-pressure turbo alternators, the level and reliability of electricity production is not sufficient to change the energy balance and attract interest for export to the electric power grid.

bagasse-cogen

On the other hand, revamping the boiler house of sugar mills with high pressure boilers and condensing extraction steam turbine can substantially increase the level of exportable electricity. This experience has been witnessed in Mauritius, where, following major changes in the processing configurations, the exportable electricity from its sugar factory increased from around 30-40 kWh to around 100–140 kWh per ton cane crushed.

In Brazil, the world’s largest cane producer, most of the sugar mills are upgrading their boiler configurations to 42 bars or even higher pressure of up to 67 bars.

Technology Options

The prime technology for sugar mill cogeneration is the conventional steam-Rankine cycle design for conversion of fuel into electricity. A combination of stored and fresh bagasse is usually fed to a specially designed furnace to generate steam in a boiler at typical pressures and temperatures of usually more than 40 bars and 440°C respectively.

The high pressure steam is then expanded either in a back pressure or single extraction back pressure or single extraction condensing or double extraction cum condensing type turbo generator operating at similar inlet steam conditions.

35MW-bagasse-coal-chp-plant-mauritius

35MW Bagasse and Coal CHP Plant in Mauritius

 

Due to high pressure and temperature, as well as extraction and condensing modes of the turbine, higher quantum of power gets generated in the turbine–generator set, over and above the power required for sugar process, other by-products, and cogeneration plant auxiliaries. The excess power generated in the turbine generator set is then stepped up to extra high voltage of 66/110/220 kV, depending on the nearby substation configuration and fed into the nearby utility grid.

As the sugar industry operates seasonally, the boilers are normally designed for multi-fuel operations, so as to utilize mill bagasse, sugarcane trash, crop residues, coal and other fossil fuel, so as to ensure year round operation of the power plant for export to the grid.

Latest Trends

Modern power plants use higher pressures, up to 87 bars or more. The higher pressure normally generates more power with the same quantity of Bagasse or biomass fuel. Thus, a higher pressure and temperature configuration is a key in increasing exportable surplus electricity.

In general, 67 bars pressure and 495°C temperature configurations for sugar mill cogeneration plants are well-established in many sugar mills in India. Extra high pressure at 87 bars and 510°C, configuration comparable to those in Mauritius, is the current trend and there are about several projects commissioned and operating in India and Brazil. The average increase of power export from 40 bars to 60 bars to 80 bars stages is usually in the range of 7-10%.

A promising alternative to steam turbines are gas turbines fuelled by gas produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass. The exhaust is used to raise steam in heat recovery systems used in any of the following ways: heating process needs in a cogeneration system, for injecting back into gas turbine to raise power output and efficiency in a steam-injected gas turbine cycle (STIG) or expanding through a steam turbine to boost power output and efficiency in a gas turbine/steam turbine combined cycle (GTCC).

Gas turbines, unlike steam turbines, are characterized by lower unit capital costs at modest scale, and the most efficient cycles are considerably more efficient than comparably sized steam turbines.

The Latest Developments On Solar Energy Technology

  By | | , ,
3 Comments

Twenty years ago, solar panels on residential homes were virtually non-existent. In today’s age, they’re becoming more and more prevalent. That’s due to several factors, including plummeting costs, advances in tech, and more. Homeowners also have some attractive incentives to go solar, including tax breaks and lower utility bills.

By the end of Q3 2020, the US had enough solar panels to power an impressive 16.4 million homes. While that trend slowed a bit recently due to component shortages, it’s sure to continue to rise in the future. A lot is happening in the world of solar energy lately, including some exciting new research. As efficiencies in technology continue to improve, prices will continue to fall. As such, solar power will become more accessible to residential homes in America. Here’s a look at some of the latest developments related to solar panels and renewable energy.

Trends in Solar Energy Technology

NREL and Improving Solar Panel LID Defects

As of October 2021, researchers at the US Department of Energy have been designing improvements for solar panels. The DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory partnered with the Colorado School of Mines to do so. Their goal is to develop a new technique to identify defects in silicon solar cells. These defects are what cause significant drops in a solar panel’s efficiency. That’s known as light-induced degradation (LID), and it’s long been a problem for solar panels.

Researchers are working at the atomic level to identify LID defects in silicon solar panels. Light-induced degradation can strip the efficiency of a solar panel by 2%. While that may not seem like much, it does a lot to wear away at a panel’s typical 30-40 year lifespan. Solar panels made from silicon make up more than 96% of the panels on the market today. The potential improvements that the team at the NREL can create from their research are massive. If they can discover a way to combat LID, they can revolutionize the way manufacturers strengthen their solar panels.

Bringing Solar Technology Indoors

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are finding indoor uses for solar. Doing so would significantly increase the energy efficiency of buildings and smart devices. NIST researchers used a series of small modular PV devices made of different materials. The goal was to test the indoor charging capabilities of these devices. To do so, they hooked up the lowest efficiency module to a wireless temperature sensor.

The results were exciting. The silicon module, absorbing light from an LED, could supply more power than it consumed. That suggests that the device could run indefinitely while the lights stay on. That would remove the need for exchanging or recharging batteries. In the past, flipping on a light switch meant expending energy. With the recent discoveries at NIST, flipping a light switch can mean producing energy too.

The world continues to move toward a transition to renewable energy. Solar panels are more affordable than ever, and solar technology is improving all the time. It’s easier now more than ever for a homeowner to install solar panels.

The Need-to-Know About Solar Panel Degradation

  By | | , ,
5 Comments

Some things get better with age – a bottle of whisky, a jar of pickles, or even a life full of wisdom. However, it is contradictory for an electronic device such as the solar power system. Solar panels and their system components are fated to degrade over time despite the lifespan of 20 to 30 years which depends on the manufacturer.

What is Solar Panel Degradation?

Solar panels deteriorate slowly over time. Degradation in solar panels means they generate less power output from the same amount of sunlight as they age. The period of degradation is measured against the lifespan of the solar panels.

what is solar panel degradation

Why Solar Panels Degrade Over Time?

The degradation of solar panels has been a challenging problem for manufacturers in the industry. However, advancements and developments pop up to lower the degradation rate while keeping up the power output. Although it is still a safe investment, the solar power system is expected to deteriorate at or below a specific rate.

The average degradation rate of the panels is at one percent each year. Nevertheless, a study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) shows that quality panels degrade at a rate of 0.4% over time which is remarkably lower.

Types of Solar Panel Degradation

There are three types of solar panel degradation to keep tabs on.

1. Light-Induced Degradation (LID)

Despite slow degradation as time goes by, it is crucial to know what happens to the solar power system once installed for the first time in residences, industries, or businesses. The degradation rate is significantly higher, which is at one to three percent within a short amount of time due to the sun exposure of the panels. This type of degradation is the Light-Induced Degradation or LID.

Without a doubt, sunlight is also considered a factor that contributes to the deterioration of the panels. To address this matter, manufacturers added UV blockers to protect the panels from the intense radiation from the sun.

2. Potential-Induced Degradation (PID)

The Potential-Induced Degradation or PID affects different components in the solar power system, such as the photovoltaic cells or panel frame. Once these components are disrupted, it causes voltage leaks which lowers the amount of electricity the panel can generate.

Although this type of degradation does not typically occur, it can significantly dent the panels’ performance by 30%.

3. Aging-Related Degradation

The solar power system will never be able to evade natural wear and tear. Various external factors contribute to the degradation of the panels. One of these factors, which is also difficult to control, is the weather. The adverse weather conditions in the country, such as snow, ice, hail, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, reduce the panels’ efficiency. These age-related degradations can cause microcracks.

Microcracks are very tiny cracks that form in the crystalline silicon of solar cells. Once these microcracks form, electrical connections also deteriorate. And if this happens, the photons from the sun have fewer paths to flow into; hence, less energy goes to the solar inverter that supplies electricity to the residence, industry, or business.

Microcracks are also caused by thermal cycling. Thermal cycling involves cycling two extreme temperatures rapidly. Warm temperature makes the panel and its components expand, while cold temperature enables it to contract. The constant cycling rapidly between these two extreme temperatures strains the panels and forms microcracks.

Water can get inside since these microcracks create holes on the panel’s surface and damage the seal. Other than these degradations, adverse weather conditions can also cause the hardening of the silicon, eroding of the frames, and contaminating the solar cells.

solar panels pigeon issue

Other reasons that contribute to the deterioration of solar panels

1. Quality of Materials

Some manufacturers will produce substandard or low-quality materials to keep the panels’ price low. These materials and components include solar glass, solar cells, and aluminum frames. Cheap materials increase the risk of product failure, which would eventually lead to more expenditures.

2. Installation

The way the panels are assembled and installed can affect their degradation rate. Installers need to be careful with the handling of solar modules. Since these panels are carried on top of their hardhats, the constant flexing, rocking, and bouncing back and forth can result in microcracks, scratches, and improper installations of electrical connections. Moreover, incompatible components and materials can speed up LID or PID on the panels.

3. Cleaning and Maintenance

Although the solar panel requires little maintenance, it is still vital to periodically monitor and check it to clear any debris or build-up that may affect its performance. It is also essential to check regularly the other components in the system, such as the cables, connections, and inverters, to ensure optimal performance.

Although the degradation of the solar power system is inevitable, it is paramount to understand the reasons they deteriorate in due time. Understanding their life cycle helps set your expectations and get the most out of your superb long-term investment.

Overview of Biomass Energy Technologies

  By | | , ,
4 Comments

A wide range of bioenergy technologies are available for realizing the energy potential of biomass wastes, ranging from very simple systems for disposing of dry waste to more complex technologies capable of dealing with large amounts of industrial waste. Conversion routes for biomass wastes are generally thermo-chemical or bio-chemical, but may also include chemical and physical.

Thermal Technologies

The three principal methods of thermo-chemical conversion corresponding to each of these energy carriers are combustion in excess air, gasification in reduced air, and pyrolysis in the absence of air. Direct combustion is the best established and most commonly used technology for converting wastes to heat.

During combustion, biomass is burnt in excess air to produce heat. The first stage of combustion involves the evolution of combustible vapours from wastes, which burn as flames. Steam is expanded through a conventional turbo-alternator to produce electricity. The residual material, in the form of charcoal, is burnt in a forced air supply to give more heat.

Co-firing or co-combustion of biomass wastes with coal and other fossil fuels can provide a short-term, low-risk, low-cost option for producing renewable energy while simultaneously reducing the use of fossil fuels. Co-firing involves utilizing existing power generating plants that are fired with fossil fuel (generally coal), and displacing a small proportion of the fossil fuel with renewable biomass fuels.

Co-firing has the major advantage of avoiding the construction of new, dedicated, waste-to-energy power plant. An existing power station is modified to accept the waste resource and utilize it to produce a minor proportion of its electricity.

Gasification systems operate by heating biomass wastes in an environment where the solid waste breaks down to form a flammable gas. The gasification of biomass takes place in a restricted supply of air or oxygen at temperatures up to 1200–1300°C. The gas produced—synthesis gas, or syngas—can be cleaned, filtered, and then burned in a gas turbine in simple or combined-cycle mode, comparable to LFG or biogas produced from an anaerobic digester.

The final fuel gas consists principally of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane with small amounts of higher hydrocarbons. This fuel gas may be burnt to generate heat; alternatively it may be processed and then used as fuel for gas-fired engines or gas turbines to drive generators. In smaller systems, the syngas can be fired in reciprocating engines, micro-turbines, Stirling engines, or fuel cells.

Pyrolysis is thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of oxygen. During the pyrolysis process, biomass waste is heated either in the absence of air (i.e. indirectly), or by the partial combustion of some of the waste in a restricted air or oxygen supply. This results in the thermal decomposition of the waste to form a combination of a solid char, gas, and liquid bio-oil, which can be used as a liquid fuel or upgraded and further processed to value-added products.

Biochemical Technologies

Biochemical processes, like anaerobic digestion, can also produce clean energy in the form of biogas which can be converted to power and heat using a gas engine. Anaerobic digestion is a series of chemical reactions during which organic material is decomposed through the metabolic pathways of naturally occurring microorganisms in an oxygen depleted environment. In addition, wastes can also yield liquid fuels, such as cellulosic ethanol and biodiesel, which can be used to replace petroleum-based fuels.

Anaerobic digestion is the natural biological process which stabilizes organic waste in the absence of air and transforms it into biogas and biofertilizer. Almost any organic material can be processed with anaerobic digestion. This includes biodegradable waste materials such as municipal solid waste, animal manure, poultry litter, food wastes, sewage and industrial wastes.

An anaerobic digestion plant produces two outputs, biogas and digestate, both can be further processed or utilized to produce secondary outputs. Biogas can be used for producing electricity and heat, as a natural gas substitute and also a transportation fuel. Digestate can be further processed to produce liquor and a fibrous material. The fiber, which can be processed into compost, is a bulky material with low levels of nutrients and can be used as a soil conditioner or a low level fertilizer.

A variety of fuels can be produced from biomass wastes including liquid fuels, such as ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels, such as hydrogen and methane. The resource base for biofuel production is composed of a wide variety of forestry and agricultural resources, industrial processing residues, and municipal solid and urban wood residues.

The largest potential feedstock for ethanol is lignocellulosic biomass wastes, which includes materials such as agricultural residues (corn stover, crop straws and bagasse), herbaceous crops (alfalfa, switchgrass), short rotation woody crops, forestry residues, waste paper and other wastes (municipal and industrial).

The three major steps involved in cellulosic ethanol production are pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. Biomass is pretreated to improve the accessibility of enzymes. After pretreatment, biomass undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis for conversion of polysaccharides into monomer sugars, such as glucose and xylose. Subsequently, sugars are fermented to ethanol by the use of different microorganisms. Bioethanol production from these feedstocks could be an attractive alternative for disposal of these residues. Importantly, lignocellulosic feedstocks do not interfere with food security.

Pros and Cons of a Solar Powered Generator

  By | | , , ,
1 Comment

The solar-powered generator industry is slowly but gradually expanding. Solar-powered all-in-one portable stations are a modern substitute for traditional fuel-powered generators.

A solar generator is a fantastic way to have additional energy available whenever the light goes out. Whether you need to charge your devices, turn the lights on, or go to a place with no electricity available. Solar generators are becoming a popular and cost-effective solution for people who want to go off-grid and experience the benefits of a sustainable lifestyle. Solar energy is a wonderful alternative, since it enables you to free yourself from static energy sources, relying on nature’s clean energy instead.

There is a continuous debate on whether these solar-powered generators are superior to traditional generators. In this post, we will examine the pros and cons of solar generators to help you decide whether it is a good option for you or not. But, before we get into it, what exactly is a solar-powered generator?

Pros and Cons of a Solar Powered Generator

What is a Solar Powered Generator

The term “solar generator” is misleading. Solar generators are frequently rechargeable batteries that may be powered by using a 200W solar panel.

The operation of a solar generator differs significantly from that of a normal generator powered by fossil fuel. They have certain technical specifications and very different mechanisms.

A solar generator’s basic configuration includes a rechargeable battery, a solar charger, an inverter, and single solar panel or multiple solar panels. Energy is captured through the solar panels, and the solar charger then sends it to the rechargeable battery. Finally, the inverter transforms the DC power into an AC power supply.

Pros of a Solar Powered Generator

1. Unlimited Solar Energy

Because the sun’s energy is almost unlimited and virtually free of charge, solar panels allow you to access a boundless energy supply. However, it is not entirely free because solar power equipment must first be purchased.

In addition, as compared to diesel or gasoline, solar energy is far more commonly accessible in most distant places. As long as the sun shines, you can never face a shortage of solar energy.

And what to do when the sun goes down? As previously stated, solar-powered generators usually have all-in-one power stations, which means you can also charge it through other sources. Aside from solar energy, the primary power sources are conventional alternating current (AC) energy from a wall outlet or by a vehicle through the CIG connection.

2. Low Running Expenses

Another economic benefit of solar energy is that it is not susceptible to dramatic price changes like diesel or gasoline. Once you’ve purchased the solar power system, your ‘fuel’ expenses will be consistent.

A solar generator has very low operating expenses than a portable generator fueled by gasoline. You do not need to purchase fuel because solar energy is free to absorb, and you do not need to change any oil.

solar battery storage

The absence of moving components also lowers the possibility of requiring replacement or repair for the spare parts. So, while solar generators require a larger initial cost, their operating expenses are lower than conventional portable generators powered by fuel.

3. Eco-Friendly Alternative

The traditional gasoline-powered generator emits toxic fumes containing carbon monoxide, which is a severe health hazard, and that is why they should only be operated outdoors where you can keep them at a safe distance from other people and structures. Solar-powered generators emit no toxic fumes, making them the safest alternative, even suitable for interior usage.

Cons of a Solar Powered Generator

1. High Initial Cost

Solar generators are significantly more expensive to purchase than standard gas generators. Solar-powered generators, on the other hand, have significantly reduced running expenses. As a result, you will spend less money during the lifespan of your solar generator.

2. Limited Energy and Output

You can only recharge your solar-powered generator’s batteries when the sun is out. Although we do have other alternatives for charging them, it takes a lot more time than a fuel-powered generator. A standard solar generator will take almost six to eight hours to fully charge and provide a 100 watts output. As compared to that, you do not need to recharge a gas generator. You refuel them, and they are good to go!

Your energy output also depends on the size of your solar-powered generator. The size and weight restrict how much solar energy it can absorb and how much electric output it can provide you. Your solar generator cannot supply electricity to an entire house. It can be used for small appliances, charging devices, and for a limited time.

To put it simply, the weight and size of your solar generator are proportional to the amount of power it can retain. You can use a solar power generator as a compact alternative for moderate use. So, if you wish to use an output of 1500 watts or more, you should probably opt for an inverter generator as a lightweight option.

Now that you are aware of the pros and cons of solar generators, you will have a clear idea of which one to buy and whether you should buy it or not. Good luck!

4 Ways To Shift Your Business To Renewable Energy

  By | | , , , ,
3 Comments

Going green is a viable business strategy if you’re looking for ways to become a sustainable brand. Doing so won’t only significantly reduce costs but may also potentially attract new customers and supporters. That’s why it’s no longer a surprise when entrepreneurs are considering renewable energy in powering up their companies. This isn’t impossible to achieve thanks to technology, especially if you’ve done enough research and you’re in it for the long haul.

Renewable energy isn’t difficult to understand. It means collecting useful energy from sources that are renewable and won’t be depleted even when used constantly.  These include solar or wind power. The process involves continuous replenishment of energy, which you can take advantage of as a business owner. Depending on how flexible you are as a company, shifting to renewable energy might just be one of the best investments you could make.

No matter what your goal may be for making the switch, here are some ways you could start turning to renewable energy for your enterprise.

Ways To Shift Your Business To Renewable Energy

1. Know Your Options

As there are different types of renewable energy sources, doing your research is a good starting point.  This is for you to know your options and make a decision accordingly. If your facility has considerable roof space, you may consider turning to solar energy.  This turns the sun’s energy into electricity that you can use for your business. If you’re from Florida, solar companies in Miami like Airis Energy Solutions and others would be more than willing to have a discussion.  This may include how you can take advantage of the infinite benefits of the sun and its energy.

Florida is a good location considering its adequate exposure to sunlight. To add, being in the US qualifies your business for a tax credit.  This is in return for using renewable energy for your business power needs. Aside from solar power, you could also tap into other energy sources such as commercial wind from turbine blades, hydroelectricity, and biomass from organic matter.

2. Weigh The Cost Vs. Benefits

As a business, one of your priorities is to make sure every cost should justify the benefits you’ll gain out of an investment. Since you’re considering shifting your business to renewable energy, it’s essential to realize and analyze the cost of each of your options.  By doing so, you could decide better. Solar panels, for example, may come with a hefty upfront cost. However, if you think about the return of investment it can potentially give, it’s something to consider.  Also. many panels have around 20-25 years of warranty in them.

On the other hand, micro wind turbines may be cheaper, but their lifespan is shorter. You could opt for larger sizes, but of course, you also need to consider the space you have. Additionally, it requires maintenance and the environmental permits you may need to obtain from your local government or municipality’s office.

3. Turn It Into An Advocacy

Going green is brilliant advocacy that won’t only allow you to save on electricity costs. To add, you can attract more customers and supporters.  You may do this if you amp up your public relations and highlight how you’re trying to make a difference in saving the planet. No matter how small the impact may be, it feels good knowing you can contribute to the environment. For sure, your customers would also be more motivated to spend money on a brand that cares.

green entrepreneurship

4. Involve Your Employees

Environmentally conscious advocacy isn’t just something you can impose on the organization. You need to ensure your employees are educated and informed about.  This is needed so you can all work together in achieving the goal. Doing so will encourage everyone on the team to support the cause.

Aside from renewable energy sources, you can also consider adopting a sustainable and eco-friendly approach in the workplace. You could provide learning materials that’ll teach everyone how to conserve energy. Also, you may come up with recycling programs that could potentially reduce commercial wastes. A paperless office can also go a long way in going green for your business. For example, using a paystub will allow you to deliver paystubs digitally, therefore saving on paper which preserves energy. Check out the best paystub generator free to save on money and the environment.

Involving the employees, staff, and colleagues is a positive experience that can surely help you achieve a desirable and sustainable outcome for the company.

Conclusion

Shifting to renewable energy is something that all businesses should consider, no matter the size and nature of the industry. With the planet’s resources slowly but surely depleting, it’s about time to think of ways to contribute.  If all establishments and workplaces would start to feel like this, all efforts won’t surely be wasted.

Know your options when thinking of a renewable energy source. Make sure you weigh the cost of investment to determine if it’s worth the benefits. Turn your goal into advocacy, and don’t forget to involve your employees so you can work hand in hand in achieving a common objective.

Harnessing Bioenergy: The Role of Advanced Biotechnologies

  By | | ,
Leave a comment

Bioenergy, derived from organic matter, has always been a critical component of the global energy mix. With the dire impacts of climate change becoming more evident, there’s an increasing urgency to utilize renewable energy sources. Enter advanced biotechnologies: the beacon of hope for a sustainable energy future.

Advanced Biotechnologies in Bioenergy

A Glimpse into Bioenergy

Bioenergy is energy obtained from biological sources, be it plants, algae, or even waste. It’s sustainable, renewable, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions when used as a substitute for fossil fuels.

Traditional vs. Modern Bioenergy

Historically, bioenergy was mainly wood and other plant materials burnt for heat. Today, with the advancement of biotechnologies, we are not only burning organic materials but converting them into liquid fuels, biogas, and other energy-rich products.

How Advanced Biotechnologies Are Making A Difference

1. Biofuel Production

First-generation biofuels were derived from food crops. This led to a conflict between food vs. fuel, driving the search for alternative feedstocks. Advanced biotechnologies now allow for the production of second and third-generation biofuels.

Algae-based biofuels are a classic example. Algae grow quickly and are rich in oils, making them an excellent source for biodiesel. Companies like Solazyme have pioneered techniques to harness algae’s energy potential efficiently.

2. Waste-to-Energy Processes

Advanced biotechnologies have also optimized waste-to-energy processes. Now, organic waste isn’t just garbage; it’s a potential energy source. By leveraging microorganisms in anaerobic digesters, organic waste is broken down to produce biogas, which can be used for electricity and heat.

3. Enhanced Biomass Conversion

Converting biomass into energy isn’t a straightforward process. Advanced biotechnologies have resulted in enzymes and modified organisms that break down biomass more efficiently. This means higher yields of energy from the same amount of biomass.

bioinformatics specialist

The Potential and Limitations of Bioenergy

Bioenergy certainly promises a cleaner future, but it’s not without challenges. There’s the matter of ensuring sustainable feedstocks, optimizing land use, and developing efficient conversion technologies.

Interestingly, the ever-growing world of biotech research offers solutions. Sites like Wheeler Bio have detailed insights into the latest advancements and challenges in biotech applications, including bioenergy.

However, while technology provides tools, an integrated approach involving policy, society, and industry is crucial. An excellent example is the European Bioenergy Research Institute’s initiative. Their holistic approach combines research, industry collaboration, and public engagement, ensuring bioenergy’s sustainable development.

Future Prospects of Bioenergy and Biotechnologies

As the world grapples with the effects of climate change and depleting fossil fuels, bioenergy holds a brighter promise.

  1. Integration with Other Renewable Sources: Bioenergy can be combined with other renewable sources, like wind and solar, to provide a steady energy supply. For instance, when there’s no sunlight or wind, bioenergy can step in.
  2. Pioneering Research: There’s tremendous ongoing research in biotechnologies, aiming to make bioenergy processes more efficient, scalable, and sustainable. Who knows? The next big breakthrough could just be around the corner!

Wrapping It Up

Bioenergy, bolstered by advanced biotechnologies, offers a beacon of hope for a cleaner, sustainable future. The synergy of bioenergy and biotechnology can usher in an era where energy is not just abundant but also environmentally benign.

But as we move forward, let’s remember that technology, though powerful, is just a tool. It’s up to us – policymakers, researchers, industries, and citizens – to wield this tool wisely, ensuring a harmonious balance between our energy needs and the planet’s well-being.

Biomass Sector in India – Problems and Challenges

  By | | , ,
58 Comments

Biomass power plants in India are based mostly on agricultural wastes. Gasifier-based power plants are providing a great solution for off-grid decentralized power and are lighting homes in several Indian states. While for providing grid-based power 8-15 MW thermal biomass power plants are suitable for Indian conditions, they stand nowhere when compared to power plants being set up in Europe which are at least 20 times larger.

biomass_India

Energy from biomass is reliable as it is free of fluctuation unlike wind power and does not need storage to be used in times of non-availability as is the case with solar. Still it is not the preferred renewable energy source till now, the primary reason that may be cited is the biomass supply chain.

Biomass availability is not certain for whole year. Biomass from agriculture is available only after harvesting period which can stretch only for 2-3 months in a year. So there is a need to procure and then store required quantity of biomass within this stipulated time.

Some of the Indian states leading the pack in establishing biomass-based power projects are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Ironically, states having agricultural-based economy have not properly been able to utilize the opportunity and figure low on biomass energy utilization. Only Uttar Pradesh has utilized large part of the biomass potential in north Indian States and that is mainly due to the sugarcane industry and the co-generation power plants.

Interestingly Punjab and Haryana don’t have much installed capacity in comparison to potential even though tariff rates are more than Rs. 5 per unit, which are better than most of the states. This can be attributed to the fact that these tariffs were implemented very recently and it will take time to reflect the capacity utilization.

Table: Biomass Potential and Installed Capacity in Key Indian States

State

 Power Potential (MWe) Installed Capacity (by 2011)

Tariff
Punjab 2413.2 74.5

@ Rs 5.25 per unit, (2010-11)
Uttar Pradesh 1594.3 592.5 @ Rs 4.70
Haryana 1120.8 35.8 @Rs 5.24 per unit
Rajasthan 1093.5 73.3

@ Rs 4.72/unit water cooled (2010-11)
Maharashtra 1014.2 403 @ Rs 4.98 (2010-11)
Madhya Pradesh 841.7 1.0

@ Rs 3.33 to 5.14/unit paise for 20 years with escalation of 3-8 paise
Karnataka 631.9 365.18

@ Rs 3.66 per unit (PPA signing date)

Rs 4.13 (10th year)
Andhra Pradesh 625 363.25 @ Rs 4.28 per unit  (2010-11)
Gujarat 457.7 0.5

@ Rs 4.40 per unit (with accelerated depreciation)
Chhattisgarh 248.5 231.9 @Rs 3.93 per unit (2010-11)
Kerala 195.9 – @ Rs 2.80 per unit escalated at 5% for
five years (2000-01
Source: Biomass Atlas by IISc, Bangalore and MNRE website

The electricity generation could be cheaper than coal if biomass could be sourced economically but ssome established biomass power plants tend to misuse the limit of coal use provided to them (generally 10-15% of biomass use) to keep it operational in lean period of biomass supply. They are not able to run power plants solely on biomass economically which can be attributed to :

  • Biomass price increases very fast after commissioning of power project and therefore government tariff policy needs an annual revision
  • Lack of mechanization in Indian Agriculture Sector
  • Defragmented land holdings
  • Most of the farmers are small or marginal

Government policy is the biggest factor behind lack of investment in biopower sector in states with high biomass potential. Defragmented nature of agricultural lands do not allow high mechanization which results in reduction of efficiency and increase in procurement cost.

Transportation cost constitutes a significant portion of  the costs associated with the establishment and running of biomass power plants. There is need of processing in form of shredding the biomass onsite before transportation to increase its density when procurement is done from more than a particular distance. While transportation in any kind or form from more than 50 Km becomes unviable for a power plant of size 10-15MW. European power plants are importing their biomass in form of pellets from other countries to meet the requirement of the huge biopower plants.

Not all the biomass which is regarded as agri-waste is usually a waste; part of it is used as fuel for cooking while some part is necessary to go back to soil to retain the soil nutrients. According to conservative estimates, only two-third of agricultural residues could be procured for power production.

And as human mentality goes waste is nothing but a heap of ash for the farmer till someone finds a way to make profit out of it, and from there on the demand of waste increases and so its price. Though there is nothing wrong in transferring benefits to the farmers and providing them a competitive cost of the agri-waste but operations becomes increasingly unviable with time.

A robust business model is necessary to motivate local entrepreneurs to take up the responsibility of supplying biomass to processing facilities. Collection centres covering 2-3 villages can be set up to facilitate decentralization of biomass supply mechanism. Biomass power plant operators may explore the possibility of using energy crops as a substitute for crop wastes, in case of crop failure. Bamboo and napier grass can be grown on marginal and degraded lands.

Your Ultimate Guide to Going Solar

  By | | , , ,
2 Comments

Many homeowners decide to switch to solar energy, and it should come as no surprise. These days, according to the 10 PowerUp buyer’s guides, you can get your hands on a wide range of solar-powered products, which makes going solar a breeze.

However, you might end up feeling kind of confused about it. How does it work? Is installing solar panels on the roof of your house a viable option? If you want to know the answers to such questions, keep reading!

In this article, you will find a guide to going solar. It will touch upon a number of important points, including how solar power works and how much it costs, as well as what the benefits and drawbacks of going solar are. Check it out!

solar-battery

 

How Does Solar Power Work?

Solar energy is produced by photovoltaic cells, which are thin sheets of silicon that are coated in layers of certain chemicals and meant to capture sunlight. Solar panels are made of numerous photovoltaic cells and mounted on the roof of a house.

The amount of energy that a typical house can produce that way depends on where it is located, but it can range from 1 kW to 4 kW per day, making solar energy an attractive choice for environmentally conscious individuals.

How Much Does Going Solar Cost?

The cost of installing solar panels has decreased dramatically in the past couple of years. These days, solar panels cost $0.70 to $1.50 per watt. It used to be around $2.10 and more just a few years ago. This reduction in price has made solar power incredibly affordable!

Unfortunately, the initial cost of installing solar panels on the roof of a house can range from $15,000 to $20,000. However, it is definitely worth it, as you will get to save money on your utility bills, as well as increase the price of your house.

How Is Solar Energy Better Than Fossil Fuels?

Solar energy is completely renewable, while fossil fuels are finite and are bound to be depleted. In addition to that, fossil fuels cause greenhouse gas to be emitted into the atmosphere upon being burned, which contributes to global warming. On the other hand, solar energy does not emit greenhouse gases, which makes it incredibly environmentally friendly.

Why Should You Go Solar?

There are quite a few reasons why you might want to switch to solar energy. First, it will help you conserve resources and protect the environment. Second, it will reduce your reliance on fossil fuels. Lastly, it will help you lower your utility bills.

What Are the Benefits of Going Solar?

1. Cost Savings

One of the biggest benefits of solar energy is that it can help you lower your utility bills. It might be a pricey investment, but it will definitely pay off in the long run, particularly if you live in a sunny area.

minnesota-solar

2. Environmental Protection

Going solar can help you protect the environment! It will effectively reduce your carbon footprint, allowing you to become less reliant on fossil fuels. It is a great option for people who are environmentally conscious!

What Are the Drawbacks of Going Solar?

Requirements

In order to be able to benefit from solar panels, you need to own a house that is located in a sunny area and gets a minimum of four hours of direct sunlight per day. Moreover, your roof needs to be able to withstand the weight of the panels.

How Do I Get Started?

The first step that you will need to take to go solar is to determine if installing solar panels on your house is a viable option. If your house does not get direct sunlight and has a roof that is unable to withstand the weight of the panels, going solar might not be possible.

If you know for a fact that solar panels can be installed on your house, you can start reading up on the installation process. You can go about installing solar panels in a few different ways, but the most common one is hiring a professional solar panel installer to take care of it for you.

Other than that, you will need to check if your solar panels are working properly. If you decide to purchase a more modern set of solar panels, you should be able to do it using a special mobile application.

Once you have checked if your solar panels are working properly, you can start harnessing the power of the sun! However, you might want to keep on monitoring your solar panels just to be certain that everything is working the way it should be.

The Bottom Line

To sum up, solar power is a smart investment that can save you money on energy bills. However, you will need to put in a lot of effort in order for it to pay off. For starters, you will need to educate yourself on the basics of solar energy and install the panels correctly. That being said, it is definitely worth the hassle, as it will allow you to lower your carbon footprint and do your part in protecting the environment!

Rice Straw As Bioenergy Resource

  By | | , ,
12 Comments

The cultivation of rice results in two types of biomass residues – straw and husk – having attractive potential in terms of energy. Rice husk, the main by-product from rice milling, accounts for roughly 22% of paddy weight, while rice straw to paddy ratio ranges from 1.0 to 4.3. Although the technology for rice husk utilization is well-established worldwide, rice straw is sparingly used as a source of renewable energy. One of the main reasons for the preferred use of husk is its easy procurement. In case of rice straw, however, its collection is difficult and its availability is limited to harvest time.

Rice_straw

Rice straw can either be used alone or mixed with other biomass materials in direct combustion, whereby combustion boilers are used in combination with steam turbines to produce electricity and heat. The energy content of rice straw is around 14 MJ per kg at 10 percent moisture content.  The by-products are fly ash and bottom ash, which have an economic value and could be used in cement and/or brick manufacturing, construction of roads and embankments, etc.

Straw fuels have proved to be extremely difficult to burn in most combustion furnaces, especially those designed for power generation. The primary issue concerning the use of rice straw and other herbaceous biomass for power generation is fouling, slagging, and corrosion of the boiler due to alkaline and chlorine components in the ash. Europe, and in particular, Denmark, currently has the greatest experience with straw-fired power and CHP plants.

Because of the large amount of cereal grains (wheat and oats) grown in Denmark, the surplus straw plays a large role in the country’s renewable energy strategy. Technology developed includes combustion furnaces, boilers, and superheat concepts purportedly capable of operating with high alkali fuels and having handling systems which minimize fuel preparation.

A variety of methods are employed by the European plants to prepare straw for combustion. Most use automated truck unloading bridge cranes that clamp up to 12 bales at a time and stack them 4-5 bales high in covered storage. Some systems feed whole bales into the boiler. Probably the best known whole bale feeder is the “Vølund cigar feeding” concept, originally applied by Vølund (now Babcock and Wilcox-Vølund). Whole bales are pushed into the combustion chamber and the straw burned off the face of the bale.

However, the newer Danish plants have moved away from whole-bale systems to shredded straw feed for higher efficiency. For pulverized coal co-firing, the straw usually needs to be ground or cut to small sizes in order to burn completely within relatively short residence times (suspension fired systems) or to feed and mix upon injection with bed media in fluidized bed systems.

The chemical composition of feedstock has a major influence on the efficiency of biomass cogeneration. The low feedstock quality of rice straw is primarily determined by high ash content (10–17%) as compared with wheat straw (around 3%) and also high silica content in ash. On the other hand, rice straw as feedstock has the advantage of having a relatively low total alkali content, whereas wheat straw can typically have more than 25% alkali content in ash.

However, straw quality varies substantially within seasons as well as within regions. If straw is exposed to precipitation in the field, alkali and alkaline compounds are leached, improving the feedstock quality. In turn, moisture content should be less than 10% for combustion technology.

In straw combustion at high temperatures, potassium is transformed and combines with other alkali earth materials such as calcium. This in turn reacts with silicates, leading to the formation of tightly sintered structures on the grates and at the furnace wall. Alkali earths are also important in the formation of slag and deposits. This means that fuels with lower alkali content are less problematic when fired in a boiler.