Collection Systems for Agricultural Biomass

Biomass collection involves gathering, packaging, and transporting biomass to a nearby site for temporary storage. The amount of biomass resource that can be collected at a given time depends on a variety of factors. In case of agricultural residues, these considerations include the type and sequence of collection operations, the efficiency of collection equipment, tillage and crop management practices, and environmental restrictions, such as the need to control soil erosion, maintain soil productivity, and maintain soil carbon levels.

biomass-collection-systems

The most conventional method for collecting biomass is baling which can be either round or square. Some of the important modern biomass collection operations have been discussed below:

Baling

Large square bales are made with tractor pulled balers. A bale accumulator is pulled behind the baler that collects the bales in group of 4 and leaves them on the field. At a later date when available, an automatic bale collector travels through the field and collects the bales.

The automatic bale collector travels to the side of the road and unloads the bales into a stack. If the automatic bale collector is not available bales may be collected using a flat bed truck and a front end bale loader. A loader is needed at the stack yard to unload the truck and stack the bales. The stack is trapped using a forklift and manual labor.

biomass-collection

Loafing

When biomass is dry, a loafer picks the biomass from windrow and makes large stacks. The roof of the stacker acts as a press pushing the material down to increase the density of the biomass. Once filled, loafer transports the biomass to storage area and unloads the stack. The top of the stack gets the dome shape of the stacker roof and thus easily sheds water.

Dry Chop

In this system a forage harvester picks up the dry biomass from windrow, chops it into smaller pieces (2.5 – 5.0 cm). The chopped biomass is blown into a forage wagon traveling along side of the forage harvester. Once filled, the forage wagon is pulled to the side of the farm and unloaded. A piler (inclined belt conveyor) is used to pile up the material in the form of a large cone.

Wet Chop

Here a forage harvester picks up the dry or wet biomass from the windrow. The chopped biomass is blown into a forage wagon that travels along side of the harvester. Once filled, the wagon is pulled to a silage pit where biomass is compacted to produce silage.

Whole Crop Harvest

The entire material (grain and biomass) is transferred to a central location where the crop is fractionated into grain and biomass.  The McLeod Harvester developed in Canada fractionates the harvested crop into straw and graff (graff is a mixture of grain and chaff). The straw is left on the field. Grain separation from chaff and other impurities take place in a stationary system at the farmyard.

McLeod Harvester fractionates the harvested crop into straw and graff

For the whole crop baling, the crop is cut and placed in a windrow for field drying. The entire crop is then baled and transported to the processing yard. The bales are unwrapped and fed through a stationary processor that performs all the functions of a normal combine. Subsequently, the straw is re-baled.

7 Tips To Ensure Sustainable Mining Operations

While the mining sector is said to contribute significantly to the global economy, nevertheless, it can cause serious irreversible damage to the environment. Its use of natural resources like water, carbon, land, and energy may cause severe harm to the planet’s soil, leaving it very vulnerable to processes like soil erosion. Additionally, reckless mining may lead to pollution, depletion of natural resources, and many more.

Fortunately, players in the mining industry are believed to be starting to take action to offset the negative impacts of years of irresponsible mining and extraction of minerals. Some companies are now opting to use energy efficient fabric structures for mining operations as a step forward. These structures help minimize the negative impact that mining has on the environment.

ways to make mining more sustainable

Are you a mining site manager or owner, a shareholder in the mining industry, and the like looking for ways to turn your current business model into a safer and much more environment-friendly alternative? Here’s a look at more ways to make mining more sustainable:

1. Use Eco-Friendly Equipment

It’s believed that more and more companies are now moving towards battery-driven mining equipment. Battery-driven options are said to be more environmentally friendly compared to diesel-driven options. This shift in options can significantly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that mining operations usually produce.

There’s also a need to adopt more advanced and durable equipment to avoid high machinery turnover rates. Damaged equipment also poses a risk to the planet. For example, equipment breakdowns may cause rubber or plastic sheds and others. Mining companies can reduce equipment costs and how much rubber and plastic their operations emit into the environment. This can be done by the exclusive use of electrical mining equipment.

2. Ensure Proper Waste Disposal

There are guidelines to how mining byproducts are disposed of per laws and regulations, which some mining companies unfortunately ignore. This doesn’t help the situation as far as eco-friendly initiatives are concerned. Companies should shy away from improper industrial waste disposal by abiding by enforced rules.

3. Adopt Lower-Impact Mining Techniques

Commonly used mining methods like open pit and underground mining come with very serious risks to nature. Mining operators are advised to move towards low-impact mining techniques like in-situ leaching.

Using low-impact mining techniques will reduce soil erosion as well as move less material needing backfilled. This is a win-win for the mineworkers and the environment because they get to work efficiently using greener mining means.

4. Shut Down Illegal Mining

Illegal miners don’t abide by regulations that reduce environmental impact. It’s regarded that the illegal mining industry has a sizeable hold of the overall economy although it brazenly brushes off safety rules. Additionally, illegal mining is often conducted on land coverages not suited for large-scale mining and adversely affect the surrounding communities.

Take that and illegal miners’ disregard for safety and environmental mining regulations and you have a complete disaster. Preventing illegal mining activities will go a long way in ensuring all mining activities abide by the same regulations and environmental standards to encourage accountability.

5. Conduct Consultations With Different Mining Industry Stakeholders

It’s generally advised that mining managers prepare and set up periodic consultations with different stakeholders that have a relation with their mines. Participants may include local community leaders, environment experts, and non-profit organizations specializing in sustainable mining operations. These consultations can focus on ensuring that mining operations are up to standard and safe. Other sustainability-related concerns can be hashed out during these meetings.

Many groups regard that the method mentioned above is also a means to deal with similar woes in the mining industry like unlawful businesses still carrying out their operations.

6. Improve Manufacturing Process Efficiency

You can make it your goal to consistently and closely monitor the standard mining supply chain. This can help you identify the areas in which you need improvement where promoting eco-friendly manufacturing processes is concerned. It’s important to be flexible in the way you think as well as the management or supervisory tools you use.

mining industry hazards

You should adopt management tools that promote or cushion the company’s transition into less environmentally-harmful processes of resource use in today’s modern society. Bear in mind that the business world is forever evolving. Thus, the processes, as well as technology used for business, also continue to change and gear towards efficiency and eco-friendliness.

7. Replenish The Environment

Replanting trees, natural forestry, site inspections, and replenishing native soils and grasses can work to increase the environmental sustainability of mining activities. Rather than continuously taking from the environment, giving back to it can help restore it and make it a safer place for everyone to enjoy.

Conclusion

Mining operations often have negative impacts on the well-being of the miners along with the environment. However, this doesn’t have to continue to be the case. Use this insightful guide to help you carry out your mining activities sustainably and lawfully.

Cool Solutions: Exploring the World of Industrial Ice Makers

Whether you’re sipping on a refreshing beverage at your favorite restaurant or keeping your catch fresh on a fishing boat, ice plays a crucial role in many industries. And behind every ice cube or ice block lies a fascinating piece of machinery – industrial ice makers. Join me as we delve into the world of these cool contraptions, uncovering how they work, their various types, and the industries they serve.

types of industrial ice makers

The Basics of Industrial Ice Makers

Ever wonder how those bags of ice make their way to the convenience store freezer or the fish market? It’s all thanks to industrial ice makers. These machines are designed to produce large quantities of ice efficiently, catering to the needs of various commercial and industrial applications.

How Do They Work?

At the heart of an industrial ice maker is a refrigeration system. Just like your home refrigerator, these systems utilize a refrigerant to extract heat from water, causing it to freeze into ice. The process typically involves a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator – all working together to create ice.

Types of Industrial Ice Makers

Industrial ice makers come in different shapes and sizes, each tailored to meet specific demands. Here are some common types you might encounter:

1. Flake Ice Makers

These machines produce small, soft flakes of ice ideal for seafood displays, medical applications, and concrete cooling. Flake ice is versatile and molds easily, making it perfect for shaping around delicate items or maintaining precise temperatures.

2. Cube Ice Makers

Cube ice makers churn out the classic ice cubes we’re all familiar with. Whether it’s for cooling beverages in restaurants, bars, or hotels, or for therapeutic purposes in healthcare facilities, cube ice remains a popular choice across various industries.

3. Block Ice Makers

When you need large, solid blocks of ice for industrial processes, transportation, or construction, block ice makers come to the rescue. These machines produce dense blocks that melt slowly, ensuring long-lasting cooling effects.

4. Tube Ice Makers

Tube ice makers create cylindrical ice tubes that find applications in food preservation, beverage cooling, and even ice sculptures. Their uniform shape and quick production make them a preferred choice for many businesses.

Applications Across Industries

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s explore the diverse industries that rely on industrial ice makers to keep things cool:

1. Food and Beverage Industry

From restaurants and bars to grocery stores and food processing plants, the food and beverage industry relies heavily on ice for cooling, preservation, and presentation. Industrial ice makers ensure a steady supply of ice for beverages, food displays, and food transportation, maintaining freshness and quality.

2. Fishing and Seafood

For fishermen and seafood processors, ice is not just a luxury but a necessity. Proper icing preserves the freshness and quality of seafood from the moment it’s caught until it reaches the market. Flake ice makers are particularly popular in this industry due to their ability to conform to the shape of the fish and provide uniform cooling.

3. Healthcare

In hospitals and healthcare facilities, ice serves a variety of purposes beyond cooling drinks. It’s used for therapeutic applications, such as reducing swelling and relieving pain. Tube ice makers often find their place here, producing clean and sanitary ice tubes for medical use.

4. Construction

Believe it or not, ice plays a vital role in certain construction projects, particularly those involving concrete. By cooling the concrete mix, ice helps regulate its temperature and hydration process, resulting in stronger and more durable structures. Block ice makers are commonly used for this purpose, supplying the large blocks needed for concrete cooling.

5. Events and Entertainment

Whether it’s a concert, festival, or outdoor event, keeping beverages and perishable goods cool is essential. Industrial ice makers ensure a steady supply of ice for vendors, concession stands, and catering services, ensuring guests stay refreshed and satisfied.

Choosing the Right Industrial Ice Maker

With so many options available, selecting the right industrial ice maker can seem overwhelming. Here are a few factors to consider:

  1. Ice Type: Determine the type of ice that best suits your needs – flake, cube, block, or tube.
  2. Capacity: Consider the volume of ice you’ll need on a daily basis to ensure the machine can keep up with demand.
  3. Space Requirements: Industrial ice makers come in various sizes, so make sure you have enough space to accommodate the machine.
  4. Energy Efficiency: Look for models that are energy-efficient to minimize operating costs and environmental impact.
  5. Durability and Reliability: Choose a reputable brand known for producing reliable and durable ice makers that can withstand heavy usage.

In Conclusion

From cooling beverages to preserving seafood and even aiding in construction, industrial ice makers play a crucial role in a wide range of industries. Understanding how these machines work and their various applications can help businesses make informed decisions when selecting the right ice maker for their needs. So, the next time you enjoy a cold drink or marvel at a beautifully sculpted ice display, take a moment to appreciate the cool technology behind it all – the industrial ice maker.

Why it is Important to Recycle Used Filters and Oil

Illegally or inappropriately disposed of used motor oil can have a grievous impact on the environment. Studies conducted indicate that a single gallon of used oil can pollute up to a million gallons of water. Used oil filters are made of steel which means they can be recycled. In some developed countries, they are the most recycled materials and dumping them in landfills is illegal in other countries, while some have stringent laws that define how they should be disposed of.

Regulatory organizations such as the environmental protection agency reiterate that used oil filters should only be recycled or disposed of once all the free flowing oil has been drained. Presently, oil filters manufactured in the United States are not subject to dangerous waste regulation provided the filter is:

  • Hot drained then crushed
  • Broken through the anti drain valve or the dome and hot drained
  • Hot drained then dismantled

Hot draining is the process of draining the oil filter near or at engine operating temperature above 60ºF. Basically, the filter is either crushed or punctured while still warm in order to clear any surplus oil. The environmental protection agency recommends hot draining for up to 12 hours.

While lubricating oil hardly wears out, it gets dirty. Foreign bodies such as chemicals, water, dirt or even metal scrapings can mix with it and lower its performance capability. Contaminated oil should be replaced either with re-refined or virgin oil in order to execute its job appropriately.

The contaminated oil can be taken through used oil recycling procedures with studies indicating that approximately 380 million gallons of contaminated oil are recycled annually. Recycled oil is often taken through immense re-refining to eliminate all the impurities in order to produce pure oil.

The end product referred to as re-refined oil should fit similar rigorous compounding, refining, and performance principles as pure motor oil. Re-refining is an environmentally and energy valuable method of managing used motor oil. Producing a gallon or re-refined base stock requires less energy that producing crude oil base stock.

Advantages of Recycling Used Filters and Oil

Oil re-refining helps reduce heavy metal emissions and greenhouse gases as opposed to combusting it as fuel. Re-refining is an ideal way of managing used motor oil, it is environmentally friendly, and converts used oil into a renewable resource. Re-refining used motor oil reduces a nation’s reliance on foreign crude oil.

Used motor oil filters contain oil at the time of disposal. Having the ideal recycling company recover them ensures that the oil is recovered and re-refined. This also helps safeguard landfill space.

Collection of Materials

The manufacturers of oil tanks and filters are responsible for the materials. Many times, they provide big containers for disposing of the used filters especially in large volume shops. Recycling companies however can provide bins or drums for used filters while the shops provide waste oil storage facilities.

While used oil tanks will not be replaced when service providers are changed, shop managers must analyze the state of their used oil storage facilities to rule out spillage or loss when oil is transferred to an oil truck.

If need be, many recycling companies can also provide storage facilities. Used oil filters do not necessarily have to be crushed or drained before being recycled provided they are kept in a bin or drum.

What Next?

Oil filters are broken down into small fragments while the metals are removed and sold as scrap. Eventually, they are used to manufacture various products such as manhole covers and rebar. The contaminated oil is sold recycling companies. A huge percentage of the used oil is refined, drained, and used as an energy alternative to natural gas while the remaining percent is processed into hydraulic oil.

Finally

Used oil can be detrimental to water bodies and the environment in general. Companies should incorporate stringent recycling strategies for both used oil and filters to protect the environment and conserve space in landfills.

PSA System for Biogas Upgradation

Pressure swing adsoprtion, also known as PSA, is emerging as the most popular biogas upgradation technology in many parts of the world. A typical PSA system is composed of four vessels in series that are filled with adsorbent media which is capable of removing water vapor, CO2, N2 and O2 from the biogas stream.

During operation, each adsorber operates in an alternating cycle of adsorption, regeneration and pressure buildup. Dry biogas enters the system through the bottom of one of the adsorbers during the first phase of the process. When passing through the vessel, CO2, N2 and O2 are adsorbed onto the surface of the media. The gas leaving the top of the adsorber vessel contains more than 97% CH4

Biogas upgradation through PSA takes place over 4 phases: pressure build-up, adsorption, depressurization and regeneration. The pressure buildup is achieved by equilibrating pressure with a vessel that is at depressurization stage. Final pressure build up occurs by injecting raw biogas. During adsorption, CO2 and/or N2 and/or O2 are adsorbed by the media and the gas exits as CH4.

Depressurization is performed by equalizing with a second pressurizing vessel, and regeneration is achieved at atmospheric pressure, leaving a gas that contains high concentrations of CH4 to be re-circulated. During the regeneration phase, the bed must be regenerated by desorbing (or purging) the adsorbed gases. Purging is accomplished by reducing the pressure in the bed and back-flushing it with some of the concentrated gas product. The gas pressure released from one vessel is used by the other, thus reducing energy consumption and compressor capital costs.

Special adsorption materials are used as a molecular sieve, preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure. The adsorbent media is usually zeolites (crystalline polymers), carbon molecular sieves or activated carbon. Aside from their ability to discriminate between different gases, adsorbents for PSA systems are usually very porous materials chosen because of their large surface areas.

Accelerating EV Adoption: The Game-Changing Role of DC Fast Chargers

The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is an essential step in our journey towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. With the increasing urgency to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, the adoption of EVs has become a critical focus globally. However, one of the main challenges in the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is the issue of charging infrastructure and efficiency. This is where Direct Current (DC) fast chargers come into play, acting as a game-changer in the world of EVs.

Mechanics of DC Fast Charging

The Evolution of EV Charging Technology

The journey from early electric vehicle charging technologies to today’s advanced DC fast charging systems marks a significant evolution in the EV landscape. Initially, EV owners predominantly relied on Level 1 and Level 2 chargers, which offered convenience but were limited by slower charging speeds. These chargers typically took several hours to fully charge an electric vehicle, making them suitable for overnight home use but less practical for long-distance travel or quick top-ups.

Enter DC fast chargers – a groundbreaking leap in charging technology. DC fast chargers, also known as Level 3 chargers, utilize direct current to drastically reduce charging times. Unlike their predecessors, these chargers can bring an EV’s battery from near-empty to 80% charge in just about 30 minutes. This dramatic improvement not only enhances convenience for EV users and helps make the adoption of electric chargers part of the everyday routine, but also addresses one of the major barriers to EV adoption: range anxiety. The ability to quickly recharge significantly broadens the appeal of electric vehicles, making them a more viable option for a wider range of users and usages.

Understanding the Mechanics of DC Fast Charging

DC fast charging stands out due to its unique mechanism that directly influences its speed and efficiency. Unlike traditional Level 1 and Level 2 chargers, which use alternating current (AC) and require onboard vehicle converters, DC fast chargers bypass these converters and deliver direct current (DC) straight to the vehicle’s battery. This direct approach allows for a more rapid transfer of energy, significantly accelerating the charging process.

The key to DC fast charging’s efficiency lies in its high power output, typically ranging from 50 kW to 350 kW, compared to just 3 kW to 19 kW for Level 1 and Level 2 chargers. This high power enables quick battery top-ups, making it ideal for highway rest stops and urban charging stations where time is of the essence. In addition, the technology behind DC fast chargers is constantly evolving, with newer models offering even higher outputs and faster charging times. This technological advancement not only improves user convenience but also enhances the overall feasibility of electric vehicles for daily use and long-distance travel.

The Impact of DC Fast Charging on EV Market Growth

The proliferation of DC fast charging infrastructure is having a profound impact on the growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market. This form of charging technology is a key factor in alleviating range anxiety, a major barrier to EV adoption. Range anxiety, the fear of running out of power before reaching a destination or a charging station, has been a significant hurdle for potential EV buyers. With the advent of DC fast chargers, this concern is greatly diminished, making EVs more appealing to a broader audience.

DC fast charging stations are becoming more widespread, not just in urban areas but also along major highways, facilitating long-distance travel. This expansion plays a crucial role in enhancing the practicality and convenience of owning an EV. The availability of quick, efficient charging solutions boosts consumer confidence in EVs as a reliable alternative to traditional combustion engine vehicles. Consequently, as the charging infrastructure continues to improve and expand, we can expect to see a corresponding rise in EV sales and a more rapid transition to electric mobility.

advantages of electric cars

Future Innovations and Challenges in DC Fast Charging Infrastructure

Looking ahead, the future of DC fast charging infrastructure holds immense potential, coupled with significant challenges that need addressing. Innovations in this field are geared towards creating even faster, more efficient, and widely accessible charging solutions. One of the key areas of focus is the development of ultra-fast chargers that can exceed the current maximum power output, aiming to reduce charging times to mere minutes. This would further diminish range anxiety and make EVs nearly equivalent to gasoline-powered vehicles in terms of refueling convenience.

However, these advancements come with challenges. The primary concern is the demand these high-power chargers place on the electrical grid. Ensuring a stable, sustainable energy supply that can support widespread use of ultra-fast charging is critical. Additionally, there’s a need for standardization across charger types and vehicle models to ensure compatibility and ease of use for consumers. Addressing these challenges will be crucial in realizing the full potential of DC fast charging.

The Role of Smart HVAC Systems in Revolutionizing Commercial Spaces

In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, the integration of smart systems has permeated various aspects of our lives, and commercial spaces are no exception. One such technology that is making a significant impact is the advent of Smart HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems. These intelligent systems go beyond traditional HVAC setups, offering a myriad of benefits that not only enhance comfort but also contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability in commercial buildings.

benefits of smart HVAC

A thing to note when installing such systems is that you ensure that you are working with HVAC specialists so that if an issue occurs, you will be sorted within a short time. The worst thing would be having issues with your HVAC system and not having a well-informed specialist working on it.

This article will explain several reasons why installing a smart HVAC system is something you should consider for a commercial space.

Efficient Energy Management

One of the primary advantages of smart HVAC systems in commercial spaces is their ability to optimize energy consumption. Traditional HVAC systems often operate on fixed schedules and settings, leading to unnecessary energy expenditure during periods of low occupancy or when the weather conditions are moderate. Smart HVAC systems, on the other hand, leverage advanced sensors and algorithms to continuously monitor and adjust the heating and cooling requirements based on real-time data.

These systems can analyze factors such as the number of occupants, outdoor weather conditions and even the time of day to dynamically adjust the temperature and airflow. By doing so, they ensure that energy is only utilized when and where it is needed, leading to substantial energy savings. This not only translates to reduced operational costs for businesses but also aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable practices in today’s corporate world.

Improved Comfort and Productivity

A comfortable working environment is crucial for employee productivity and well-being. Smart HVAC systems contribute significantly to achieving this goal by providing precise control over indoor climate conditions. Occupants can customize their comfort preferences through intuitive interfaces, allowing them to set individualized temperature and ventilation settings.

Moreover, smart HVAC systems can adapt to changing conditions in real-time. For instance, if a meeting room experiences a sudden influx of people, the system can quickly adjust the temperature and airflow to ensure optimal comfort. This adaptability enhances the overall satisfaction of occupants, fostering a more conducive and productive work environment.

Remote Monitoring and Control

One of the standout features of smart HVAC systems is the ability to be monitored and controlled remotely. Building managers and facility personnel can access the system through dedicated apps or web interfaces, providing real-time insights into the performance and status of the HVAC infrastructure. This remote accessibility is particularly beneficial for large commercial spaces or multi-site operations.

Remote monitoring allows for proactive maintenance and troubleshooting. System malfunctions or inefficiencies can be identified promptly, minimizing downtime and potential disruptions to business operations. Additionally, the ability to control HVAC settings remotely enables facility managers to optimize energy usage based on occupancy patterns and external weather conditions, contributing to a more streamlined and efficient operation.

Integration with Building Automation Systems

Smart HVAC systems are integral components of broader building automation systems (BAS), which are designed to enhance the overall efficiency and management of commercial buildings. Integration with BAS allows smart HVAC systems to communicate with other building systems, such as lighting, security and occupancy sensors, creating a cohesive and interconnected infrastructure.

air conditioner benefits

For example, when a smart HVAC system detects low occupancy in a specific area, it can communicate with the lighting system to dim or turn off lights in that area, further conserving energy. Similarly, in the case of unexpected security events, the HVAC system can contribute to emergency response strategies by adjusting airflow patterns to isolate affected areas. This level of integration not only improves operational efficiency but also provides a holistic approach to building management.

Data-driven Insights for Decision-making

Smart HVAC systems generate a wealth of data through sensors, actuators and user interactions. This data can be harnessed to derive valuable insights that aid in making informed decisions related to energy management, maintenance schedules and system performance. Analyzing historical data allows building managers to identify patterns, optimize energy usage and plan maintenance activities more effectively.

Furthermore, data-driven insights can be utilized to assess the long-term performance of the HVAC system and make informed decisions regarding equipment upgrades or replacements. This proactive approach helps extend the lifespan of HVAC components and reduces the likelihood of unexpected breakdowns, saving both time and resources.

Conclusion

The role of smart HVAC systems in commercial spaces extends far beyond the conventional scope of heating and cooling. These intelligent systems not only enhance energy efficiency and sustainability but also contribute to the overall comfort, productivity and well-being of occupants. As technology continues to advance, the integration of smart HVAC systems with other building automation technologies will likely become even more seamless, offering a comprehensive solution for the modern commercial environment.

Sand Control Screens: Why Are They Essential In Oil And Gas Sector?

As the name suggests, sand control is the method for controlling sand production into a wellbore. Around the world, for different gas and oil-producing wells, this is a common requirement.

Sand production can bring several issues, for example, production impairment as a result of the erosion to completion string, sand plugging, and downhole tools. For avoiding sand production, two main methods are used in oil production are as follows.

Types Of Sand Control Screens

Active Sand Control

The active sand control technique is all about utilizing the filters in order to control sand production. It is also known as an intrusive measure. Below are the techniques of active and control methods in the oil and gas industry.

  • Chemical consolidation.
  • Gravel pack and Frack Pack.
  • Expandable sand screen.
  • Stand Alone screen.

Passive Sand Control

Passive sand control always utilizes non-intrusive measures for controlling, reducing, or avoiding sand production from the reservoir. Here are the techniques of following sand control methods.

  • Sand management.
  • Selective perforation.
  • Oriented perforation.

Types Of Sand Control Screens

Now we will talk about different types of sand control screens, along with their mechanisms and usage.

1. Slotted Liner

It is one of the oldest sand control methods. Slotted liner sand control is tubing with a series of slots. All these slots are cut through a wall of tubular, and that too in an axial orientation. The width of slots is designed in such a way that it develops inter-particle bridging across the slots.

Suppose you are looking for the least expensive way to make a standalone screen. The next part of this is very simple. Here the average flow area is around 3%. But it also can go upto 6% of the total pipe area. However, a flow area of more than 6% will be detrimental to the tensile strength of the pipe.

2. Wire-Wrapped Screen

Consider a pipe, which is perforated along with a welded jacket, which is wire-wrapped. The wire, which is wrapped around the vertical ribs, has a space of keystone. It is designed to mitigate the chances of sand plugging on the screen. As there is a self-cleaning action, there is no chance of sand plugging.

In comparison to a slotted linear, a wire-wrapped screen comes with a bigger flow area and thus offers accurate slot opening along with good strength. Here are the different types of wire wrap.

  • Pipe-based slip-on.
  • Rod-based screens.
  • Pipe-based direct build screens.

3. Premium Screens

The premium screen is basically a metal design, which comes with a metal mesh filtration and also a protective metal outer shroud. The ability to flow back the drilling fluid through the particular screen and also the plugging resistance are the main differences between premium screens and other sand screens.

Risks of the Oil and Gas Industry

As per the customer’s demand, the service provider produces different types of premium screens with different metal mesh designs. When it comes to pore throat, it can vary from around 60 microns to 300 microns. Her basic idea here is that the mesh will prevent large particles.

4. Pre-Packed Screen

Pre-packed screens are quite similar to wire-wrapped screens, but pre-packed screens have different filtration media. Here, a media gravel layer that can be with or without the resin coating is situated around the initial screen component. An external screen is also there to support it.

On the basis of the good requirements, the size and thickness of the medium layers vary. The requirements are as follows.

  • Hole size.
  • Flow rate.
  • Formation size etc.

5. Expandable Sand Screen

The latest screen technology is the expandable screen; it comes with a perforated pipe, an outer shroud, and, lastly, a filter medium. This screen is usually runs into a wellbore, and when it comes to the usage of the expansion insert, it is for expanding the screen to the production hole diameter.

Here are some of the advantages of an expandable sand screen.

  • Offers a high inflow area.
  • Provides maximum hole diameter.
  • Offers wellbore support.
  • Effective sand control.

Here are the parts of the expandable screen.

  • Integral expandable connector.
  • Outer protection shroud.
  • Filtration media.
  • Base pipe.

To conclude

We hope you have developed a proper understanding of the sand control screens and their different designs. We also understand how complicated it actually is to get grapes totally. So in case you have any doubts or queries, feel free to contact us.

How to Dispose of Plastic Equipment Efficiently

If your company has plastic equipment that’s no longer needed, you can dispose of it by selling the machinery through the most optimal channels.

Here’s a guide on how to achieve disposal of plastic machinery efficiently.

How to Dispose of Plastic Equipment Efficiently

1. Sell Your Plastic Equipment Through an Established Company

When you offer your used plastic equipment for sale in partnership with an established machinery buyer and vendor that sells the machines on your behalf, your equipment can sell much more quickly.

Why? Because an established third party already has a share of the market and buyers are continually looking for second-hand machinery on its site. It would be much more challenging and typically take longer to sell your plastic equipment by yourself.

You can sell all types of used plastic machinery on the second-hand market, including extruder machines, injection molding machines, blow molding machines, downstream equipment, and thermoforming equipment, to name just a few.

2. Check the Condition of Your Equipment Before You Sell it

Before you start selling your plastic equipment, you should thoroughly check it for any problems. While wear-and-tear is normal for used machinery, if any major problems are found, such as defective parts, you need to be aware of it.

If you sell defective machinery without making buyers aware, you’ll have either a return or a lawsuit on your hands. Transparency is the key to a successful and efficient sale.

Also, by discovering problems with the machinery early on, you could take steps to fix the issue before selling it. That way, you can command a higher price.

However, make sure you calculate whether the cost of the repair is worth it in comparison to the going rate for your make and model of plastic equipment.

3. Have All Required Information Ready Before You Begin the Selling Process

To make sure your plastic equipment sells quickly, which in turn will allow you to free up floor space and create greater efficient operations, make sure you have all the information needed to perform a quick and successful sale.

You’ll typically need to know the make and model of your plastic equipment, the year it was made, and its serial number. You should also provide details of what the machinery was previously used for.

By having all of that information available, not only can you sell your equipment efficiently. You can also command a higher price than machinery without accompanying information.

4. Take High-quality Photographs of Your Equipment

Most buyers will purchase used plastic equipment without seeing it in person, due to geographic differences. That means they need to see detailed photographs of the equipment you are selling before they can choose your machinery over another seller’s items.

Even if buyers come to see the equipment first-hand, they will still begin the buying process online, so providing photos is a crucial step if you want to sell your plastic equipment efficiently.

Furthermore, to increase your chances of an early sale, you need to take photos that are highly detailed. Don’t try to pull the wool over customers’ eyes, either. If the machine you’re selling shows signs of wear and tear, photograph it.

industrial-coatings

And to stand out against other equipment for sale, make sure you take high-quality photos that instantly attract buyers.

Summing Up

When you take the right preparatory steps, you’ll be able to sell your used plastic equipment much more efficiently.

Check the machinery’s condition, ensure you have all the details that buyers will require such as the equipment’s make and model, and learn how to take high-quality photographs of the equipment.

You’ll then be able to quickly sell your plastic equipment for a good price through an established buying and selling platform.

How To Tackle Vibrations Using A Coriolis Mass Flow Meter

Coriolis mass flow meters are acknowledged or well-known as an extremely precise and accurate flow measuring device. Plus, it offers plenty of benefits than other instruments. But take note that every measuring principle has its obstacles, and it is also true for the Coriolis principle.

For the most part, it can be difficult and hard to use Coriolis devices in most low flow applications in industries manufacturing large and heavy products. In these applications, you might have to face all types of vibrations.

Thus, the question is, how can you deal with these vibrations using the coriolis mass flow meter. For a little help, we will walk you through how to deal with all types of vibrations. So, take a read!

Coriolis Principle

This flow measuring device provides multiple benefits and advantages compared to other measuring instruments. First and foremost, coriolis flow meters calculate or gauge direct mass flow.

For many industries, it is a critical feature because it removes or eradicates inaccuracies induced by the fluid’s physical properties or characteristics. Aside from this, coriolis flow meters are extremely precise and accurate, have no mechanical parts in motion, have immense repeatability, a towering dynamic range, and many more.

The coriolis principle is simple yet very effective. Its operating principle is all around us in this world, such as the rotation of the earth and its impact on the weather. Coriolis flow meters have a tube powered by a fixed vibration. So, when a liquid or gas traverses through this tunnel or duct, the mass flow momentum will, more often than not, create a change or alteration in the vibration of the tube.

Then, the duct will contort culminating a phase shift. This shift can be calculated or computed deriving a linear output corresponding to the flow. As the Coriolis principle calculates mass flow regardless of what’s inside the tube, it can be, for the most part, promptly implemented to any fluid traversing through it, gas or liquid.

While the thermal mass flow instruments are reliant on the fluid’s physical properties, thus, similar to the phase shift in frequency between outlet and inlet, it’s possible to calculate the actual natural frequency change.

This frequency change is incongruity to the fluid’s density, and it can derive a further signal output. It’s possible to calculate the volume flow rate having computed both the density and the mass flow rate.

Working of Coriolis Mass Flow Meters

Coriolis mass flow meters calculate or gauges the mass via inertia. A dense gas or liquid moves or traverse through a tunnel or duct which is pulsated by a small actuator. This vibration generates a measurable contorting force on the duct corresponding to the mass. More advanced models of this flow measuring technology apply dual-curved tunnels for lower pressure drop and higher sensitivity.

Although considered or known as the most precise flow meters, coriolis mass flow meters are prone to errors or inaccuracies when bubbles are existing in the liquid. These bubbles can produce or generate splashing inside the tube, make noise, and modify or alter the energy required for tube vibration. Huge spaces boost the energy required for tube vibration in excess and can end up in complete failure.

Impact of Vibrations on Accuracy of Coriolis Flow Meters

In manufacturing, factory, commercial, business, trade applications, all types of vibrations with various sizes are quite common. Mass-flow controllers measure and control the flow of gas or liquid while Coriolis mass flow meters calculate mass flow through a vibrating sensor duct. The variation gets purposely out of phase when the gas or liquid traverses through.

This technique or approach is relatively susceptible to unnecessary vibrations with a recurrence close to the sensor tube’s resonance frequency or a towering concordant of this frequency. However, it depends on the design of the sensor tube.

The odds of the frequency of these unnecessary vibrations is greater than in an industrial environment. Manufacturers of coriolis mass flow meters do their best to minimize the effect of vibrations on the measurement using some technical solutions including pigtails, active and passive vibration compensation, mass inertia, different sensor shapes, dual-sensor tubes, and higher driving frequencies.

In other words, vibrations can affect the accuracy of the measurements of coriolis mass flow meters. However, only if the frequency of the vibrations is close to the concordant frequency.

Types of Vibrations

In industrial applications, vibrations can be produced by usage-based vibration sources, building-based vibration sources, and environmentally related vibration sources. These vibrations move or traverse through a medium such as the fluid itself, through pipes, in the air, or the floor. If any of these vibrations disrupt the frequency of the device, then the output could be incorrect.

Takeaway

It is helpful to determine the sources to lessen or reduce the effects of unwanted vibrations. Oftentimes, it’s possible to move the measuring device or instrument just a little bit, take advantage of huge mass blocks, use suspension alternatives, or use flexible tubes.